EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS ON DEPRESSION
By: Shiri Farhana
Key Words: Depression, early adolescent, geographical status
JLES-Vol-12-No-P-57-65, December 2017
AbstractThis study was designed to investigate depression as function of geographical status and gender. The sample of the study was composed of 200 respondents. They were collected using stratified random sampling method. A Depressive Experiences Questionnaire as instrument was used for data collection. The Bengali version of this Questionnaire contained 23 items. It was a 7-point scale ranging from complete agreement to complete disagreement. The Depression Score (DS) was obtained and it was 92. A subject falling on 92 or above was regarded to have depressive symptoms. The study used a factorial design. Thus a 2 × 2 factorial design was used involving two levels of geographical status (mobile status/non-mobile status) and two levels of gender (adolescent boy/ adolescent girl). The results showed that the main effect of gender was statistically significant. Again, two-way interaction effect involving gender and geographical status was statistically significant. Thus the results supported all the hypotheses that non-mobility group reported more depressive symptoms than mobility group again the adolescent girls expressed more depressive symptoms than adolescent boys.
Audette, R., Algozzine, R., and Warden, M. (1993). Mobility and school achievement. Psychological Reports, 72, 701-702.
Blatt, S.J., D’ Afflitti, J.P., and Quinlan, D.M. (1976a). Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. New Haven CT: Yale University.
Blatt, S.J., D’ Afflitti, J.P., and Quinlan, D.M. (1976b). Experiences of depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 383-389.
Bonka, S and Frieze, I (2001) Toward a concept of a migrant personality. Journal of Social Issues. 57, 477-492.
Chodoff, P. (1974). The depressive personality: A critical review. In
R.J. Friedman and M.M. Katz (Eds.), The Psychology of Depression: Contemporary Theory and Research (pp. 55-82), Washington, D.C: John Wiley and Sons.
Dean, A. (1985). Introduction In A. Dean (Ed.), Depression in Multidisciplinary Perspective. Pp. 11-19. Brunner/Maze, New York.
Egeland, J.A. and Hostetter, A.M. (1983). Amish Study-1: Affective disorders among the Amish, 1976-1980. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 56-61.
Elias, M.J., Gara, M., and Ubriaco, M. (1985). Sources of stress and support in children’s transitions to middle school: An empirical analysis. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 14, 112-118.
Fennell, Malanie J.V. (1996). Depression. In K. Hawton, P.M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk and D.M. Clark (Eds.) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychiatric Problem, pp 169-185. Oxford University Press.
Fergusson, D.M., Lynskey, M.T., and Horwood, L.J. (1993). Conduct Problems and attention deficit behaviour in middle childhood and cannabis use by age 15. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 27, 673-682.
Garrison, C.Z., Addy, C.L., Jackson, K.L., Mckeown, R.E., and Walker, J.L. (1991). The CES-D as a screen for depression and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(4), 636-641.
Kandel, D.B. and Davies, M. (1982). Epidemiology of depressive mood in adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1205-1212.
Kroger, J. (1980). Residential mobility and self-concept in adolescence. Adolescence, 15, 967-977.
Latif, M.A., and Huq, S.Z. (2001). Bengali Adaptation of Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Journal of Science. Rajshahi University Studies, Part B, Vol. 29.
Long, L. (1992). International perspectives on the residential mobility of America’s children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54, 861-869.
Lubovits, D.A., and Handel, P.J. (1985). Childhood depression: Prevalence using DSM-III Criteria and validity of parent and child depression scales. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 10,45-54.
Mctalsky, G.I., Joiner, T.E., Hardin, T.S. and Abramson, L.Y. (1993). Depressive reactions of failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 101-109.
Metalsky, G.I. and Joiner, T.E. (1992). Vulnerability to depressive symptomatology: A perspective test of the diathesis-stress and causal mediation components of the hopelessness theory of depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 667-675.
Nolen-Hocksena, S. and Girgus, J.S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 424-443.
Nozick, R. (1981). Philosophical Explanations. Belknap Harvard, Cambridge.
Reynolds, W.M. (1985). Depression in childhood and adolescence: Diagnosis, assessment, intervention strategies and research. In.
T.R. Kratoch well (Ed.), Advances in school psychology (Vol.4)
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Sampson, R.J., and Laub, J.H. (1993). Crime in the Making: pathways and Turning Points Trough Life: Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Scheiffelin, E. (1984). The cultural Analysis of Depressive Affect: An Example from New Guinea. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania.
Segal, Z.V. (1992). Personality style, stress, and relapse in depression.
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 26-36.
Seidman, E., Allen, L., Aber, J.L., Mitchell, C., and Feinman, J. (1994). The impact of school transitions in early adolescence on the self-system and perceived social context of poor urban youth. Child Development, 65, 507-522.
Seligman, M.E.P. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Shaver, P., Schwartz, J., Kirson, D. and O’connoz, C. (1987). Emotion Knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1061-1086.
Sheldon, K.M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y. and Kasser, T. (2001). What is Satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidates psychological needs. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80, No. 2.
Strober, M., Hanna, G.L., and McCracken, J.T. (1989). Bipolar disorder. In C.G. Last, and M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychiatric Diagnosis. Wiley, New York.
Stroh, L.K. (1990). Corporate mobility: Factors distinguishing better adjustment from less well-adjusted children and adolescents, Child Study Journal, 20, 19-33.
Welkowitz, J. Lish, J.D., and Bond, R.N. (1985). The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire: Revision and validation, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 89-94.
Wood, D., Halfon, N., Scarlata, D., Newacheck, P., and Nessim, S. (1993). Impact of family relocation on Children’s growth, development, School function and behaviour. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 1334-1338.
Winer, B.J. (1971).Statistical principles in experimental design.
Second edition, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha Ltd.
Shiri Farhana
EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS ON DEPRESSION
JLES-Vol-12-No-P-57-65, December 2017
https://jlescience.com/les-publish/effect-of-geographical-status-of-adolescent-boys-and-girls-on-depression/Copyright © 2022
By Authors and Journal of Life and Earth Science (JLES)
https://jlescience.com
