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INHIBITION OF SPORE GERMINATION AND MYCELIAL GROWTH OF THREE FRUIT ROT PATHOGENS USING SOME CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AND BOTANICAL EXTRACTS
By: Most. Ferdousi Begum, Mst. Ferdowsi Mahal, Md. Shahidul Alam
Key Words: Fruit rot pathogens, plant extracts, chemical fungicides, spore germination, mycelial growth, PIGR
JLES-Vol-5-No-P-23-27, December 2010
AbstractSix chemical fungicides and extracts of 15 locally available plants were tested against three fruit rot pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici, Rhizopus artocurpi and Alternaria tenuis for the evaluation of inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth. Among the fungicides tested, all the concentrations of Ridomil showed 100% inhibition of spore germination and the least inhibition was recorded in case of treatment with Bavistin for F. oxysporium f. sp. capsici. In case of R. artocarpi and A. tenuis, Dithene–M 45 showed good inhibitory effects but Thiovit had no inhibitory effect against A. tenuis. Both leaf and seed extracts of Azadirachta indica showed good inhibitory effect than tested with other plant extracts. Moringa oleifera extract showed least inhibitory effect against all the fungi tested. Datura metel, Plygonum oriantale, Tagestes patula and Micania scandens also showed promising inhibition on spore germination and mycelial growth of all the pathogens tested.
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Table 1. Effects of six fungicides on the inhibition of spore germination of three fruit rot pathogens 30 min after immersion.
| Pathogens | Fungicides | % inhibition of spore germination at concentrations (ppm)ª | Correlation (r) values | ||||
| 500 | 1000 | 1500 | 2000 | 2500 | |||
|
F. oxysporum f. sp. capsici |
Cupravit | 23(77) | 24(76) | 31(69) | 33(67) | 39(61) | 0.977 |
| Ridomil | 100(00) | 100(00) | 100(00) | 100(00) | 100(00) | – | |
| Rovral | 10(90) | 23(77) | 27(73) | 33(67) | 35(65) | 0.954 | |
| Thiovit | 25(75) | 27(73) | 29(71) | 32(68) | 33(67) | 0.992 | |
| Dithene-M 45 | 11(89) | 17(83) | 21(79) | 33(67) | 35(65) | 0.979 | |
| Bavistin | 7(93) | 15(85) | 19(81) | 22(78) | 25(75) | 0.973 | |
| F value (LSD 0.05) | 12.52** (12.398) | ||||||
|
R. artocarpi |
Cupravit | 18(82) | 29(71) | 33(67) | 45(55) | 70(30) | 0.956 |
| Ridomil | 33(67) | 37(63) | 40(60) | 41(59) | 45(55) | 0.985 | |
| Rovral | 18(82) | 21(79) | 28(72) | 57(43) | 75(25) | 0.948 | |
| Thiovit | 25(75) | 29(71) | 32(68) | 38(62) | 40(60) | 0.991 | |
| Dithene-M 45 | 33(67) | (69)37 | 75(25) | 77(33) | 81(19) | 0.914 | |
| Bavistin | 31(69) | 37(63) | 40(60) | 43(57) | 47(53) | 0.990 | |
| F value (LSD0.05) | 9.61* (31.517) | ||||||
|
A. tenuis |
Cupravit | 87(13) | 89(11) | 95(05) | 98(02) | 100(00) | 0.983 |
| Ridomil | 81(19) | 83(17) | 91(09) | 95(05) | 100(00) | 0.988 | |
| Rovral | 83(17) | 88(12) | 93()07 | 97(03) | 100(00) | 0.995 | |
| Thiovit | 00(100) | 00(100) | 00(100) | 00(100) | 00(100) | – | |
| Dithene-M 45 | 96(04) | 99(01) | 100(00) | 100(00) | 100(00) | 0.821 | |
| Bavistin | 37(63) | 39(61) | 41(59) | 43(57) | 48(52) | 0.974 | |
| F value (LSD0.05) | 10.77* (9.489) | ||||||
a= mean of three replicates; values in parentheses indicate % spore germination; **= P<0.01.
Table 3. Effects of plant extracts on the inhibition of mycelial growth of three fruit rot pathogens in three different concentrations after 7 days’ incubation.
| Plant species | Plant parts | % inhibition of mycelia growth in different concentrations (%)ª | ||||||||
| F. o. f. sp. capsici | R. artocarpi | A. tenuis | ||||||||
| 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 20 | ||
| Azadirachta indica | Leaf | 51.10 | 56.20 | 65.30 | 72.00 | 87.00 | 89.00 | 55.10 | 57.00 | 77.00 |
| Azadirachta indica | Seed | 50.20 | 53.10 | 61.80 | 76.00 | 83.00 | 88.00 | 51.00 | 52.00 | 69.00 |
| Blumea lacera | Leaf | 11.30 | 19.10 | 27.33 | 09.50 | 11.20 | 17.30 | 05.20 | 13.30 | 16.50 |
| Datura metel | Leaf | 42.30 | 52.10 | 57.20 | 11.10 | 17.20 | 27.80 | 28.58 | 42.60 | 55.90 |
| Euphorbia plucherrima | Leaf | 09.50 | 11.30 | 19.80 | 03.50 | 05.20 | 06.23 | 11.10 | 19.20 | 20.10 |
| Mentha spicata | Leaf | 07.50 | 11.50 | 16.07 | 02.20 | 04.20 | 05.90 | 08.30 | 11.20 | 15.31 |
| Mikania scandens | Leaf | 11.15 | 31.43 | 61.00 | 09.70 | 11.30 | 19.45 | 22.70 | 37.10 | 63.10 |
| Moringa oleifera | Leaf | 05.90 | 07.50 | 12.50 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 05.30 | 09.10 | 11.20 |
| Polygonum orientale | Leaf | 35.50 | 47.20 | 50.30 | 10.20 | 13.10 | 19.50 | 23.00 | 30.00 | 53.00 |
| Psidium guajava | Leaf | 12.00 | 19.50 | 24.15 | 03.50 | 05.20 | 09.78 | 11.20 | 13.30 | 18.50 |
| Tagestes patula | Leaf | 25.10 | 33.30 | 47.50 | 01.20 | 02.50 | 05.10 | 45.10 | 52.20 | 58.30 |
| Zingiber officinale | Rhizome | 13.00 | 17.50 | 22.13 | 01.00 | 01.90 | 02.20 | 07.50 | 11.30 | 19.20 |
| Curcuma longa | Rhizome | 21.50 | 32.50 | 39.90 | 32.00 | 04.10 | 04.50 | 31.50 | 32.50 | 40.25 |
| Terminalia arjuna | Bark | 21.00 | 27.50 | 35.50 | 08.10 | 09.50 | 13.50 | 01.10 | 02.30 | 03.31 |
| Terminalia arjuna | Fruit | 07.50 | 11.50 | 22.83 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 00.00 | 11.50 | 19.50 | 25.50 |
| Allium cepa | Bulb | 37.10 | 39.20 | 43.20 | 01.20 | 02.30 | 03.10 | 21.50 | 27.80 | 37.50 |
| Allium sativum | Bulb | 09.20 | 11.20 | 24.51 | 05.90 | 06.10 | 07.06 | 20.10 | 25.20 | 28.21 |
| F value (LSD0.05) | Plant extracts | 31.57**(5.337) | 57.23**(7.127) | 38.14**(5.635) | ||||||
a=Mean of three replications; **=P<0.01
Table 2. Effects of plant extracts on the inhibition of spore germination of three fruit rot pathogens 30 min after immersion.
|
Plant species |
Plant parts |
% inhibition of spore germinationª | ||
| F. oxysporum f. sp.
capsici |
R. artocarpi | A. tenuis | ||
| Azadirachta indica | Leaf | 87.00(13.00) | 100.00(00) | 82.00(18.00) |
| Azadirachta indica | Seed | 75.00(25.00) | 100.00(00) | 66.00(44.00) |
| Blumea lacera | Leaf | 17.33(82.67) | 3.55(96.45) | 16.15(83.85) |
| Datura metel | Leaf | 55.21(44.79) | 27.00(73.00) | 57.00(43.00) |
| Euphorbia plucherrima | Leaf | 22.50(77.50) | 9.80(90.20) | 10.50(89.50) |
| Mentha spicata | Leaf | 25.31(74.69) | 21.07(78.93) | 5.90(94.10) |
| Mikania scandens | Leaf | 63.10(36.90) | 13.00(87.00) | 61.80(38.20) |
| Moringa oleifera | Leaf | 2.35(97.65) | 2.85(97.15) | 0.00(100) |
| Polygonum orientale | Leaf | 60.00(40.00) | 21.45(78.55) | 58.30(41.70) |
| Psidium guajava | Leaf | 18.82(81.18) | 24.10(75.90) | 8.20(91.80) |
| Tagestes patula | Leaf | 58.30(41.70) | 15.00(85.00) | 56.20(43.80) |
| Zingiber officinale | Rhizome | 21.00(79.00) | 3.10(96.90) | 37.00(63.00) |
| Curcuma longa | Rhizome | 31.00(69.00) | 7.00(93.00) | 41.00(59.00) |
| Terminalia arjuna | Bark | 32.50(67.50) | 19.00(81.00) | 31.00(69.00) |
| Terminalia arjuna | Fruit | 22.00(78.00) | 0.00(100) | 27.00(73.00) |
| Allium cepa | Bulb | 41.20(58.80) | 12.00(88.00) | 32.20(77.80) |
| Allium sativum | Bulb | 34.10(65.90) | 17.00(83.00) | 38.20(61.80) |
| F value (LSD0.05) | 3.92** (18.443) | |||
a= mean of three replications; values in parentheses indicate % spore germination; *= P<0.01.
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Manuscript received on 24 May 2010 and revised on 10 November 2010.
Most. Ferdousi Begum, Mst. Ferdowsi Mahal, Md. Shahidul Alam
INHIBITION OF SPORE GERMINATION AND MYCELIAL GROWTH OF THREE FRUIT ROT PATHOGENS USING SOME CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AND BOTANICAL EXTRACTS
JLES-Vol-5-No-P-23-27, December 2010
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