STUDY OF ANGER, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND RELIGIOUS SCHEMA OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
By: Lailun Nahar,Md. Shahinoor Rahman,Afjal Hossain Hridoy
Key Words: Anger, Social support, Religious schema.
JLES-Vol-16-No-P-85-95, December 2021.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the anger, social support, and religious schema of high school students. For this reason, a total of 270 students (135 boys and 135 girls) was purposively selected as the sample for the present study. We recruited them from three school grade levels equally: 6th, 7th, and 8th. They were selected in an equal ratio according to Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist religions. The instruments used in the study were the Burney’s (2000) Adolescents’ Anger Rating Scale adapted by Islam and Chowdhury (2007), Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988) adapted by Shimul and Islam (2008) and Religious Schema Scale (Streib et al., 2010) adapted by Nahar et al., (2022). The data were analyzed using t- test, one way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation. The results of the present study indicated significant variations in school grade levels in terms of reactive anger (F=2.921, df =2/267, p<0.05), anger control (F= 5.704, df = 2/ 267, p<0.05) and social support (F=4.207. df=2/267, p<0.05). Results also showed that there was a significant difference in anger in terms of students’ physical health problems (t= 2.379, df =268, p<0.05). The findings of the study also indicated that anger was significantly negatively correlated with social support. Moreover, social support was significantly positively correlated with religious schema.
Aarons GA, Monn AR, Leslie LK, Garland AF, Lugo L, Hough RL and Brown SA 2008. Association between mental and physical health problems in high-risk adolescents: A longitudinal study. J. of Adoles. Healh., 43(3): 260-267.
Agbaria Q and Wattad N 2011. Self-control and religiosity as related to subjective well-being among Arab students. In Third International conference Opening Gates in Teacher Education, 25-26 pp.
Aktar J. and Kushwaha SKA 2015. Gender Differences in Aggressive Behaviour of Adolescents. Indian J. of Applied Res., 5(1): 525-527.
Brashears ME 2010. Anomia and the Sacred Canopy: Testing a Network Theory. J. of Soci. Net., 32 : 187-196.
Bolger N and Amarel D 2007. Effects of social support visibility on adjustment to stress: experimental evidence. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 92: 458–475.
Brody GH, Yu T, Beach SRH, Kogan SM, Windle M and Philibert RA 2014. Harsh parenting and adolescent health: A longitudinal analysis with genetic moderation. J. Heal. Psycho., 33(5): 401–409.
Burney DM and Kromrey J 2001. Initial development and score validation of the Adolescent Anger Rating Scale. J. of Edu. and Psycho. Measu., 61(3): 446-460.
Chereji SV, Pintea S and David D 2012. The relationship of anger and cognitive distortions with violence in violent offenders’ population: A meta-analytic review. The European J. of Psy. App. to Legal Context. 4(1): 59-77.
Cohen S and Edwards JR 1989. Personality characteristics as moderators of the relationship between stress and disorder. In
- W. J. Neufeld (Ed.), Advances in the investigation of psychological stress, 235-283 pp. New York: Wiley.
Cohen S and McKay G 1984. Social support, stress and the buffering hypothesis: A theoretical analysis. In A. Baum, S. E. Taylor, & J. E. Singer (Eds.), Handbook of psychology and health , 253-267 pp. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cohen S and Wills TA 1985. Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psycho. Bulletin, 98: 310-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Cottingham J 2003. On the meaning of life. New York, NY: Routledge. 64 pp.
Cotterell J 1994. Analyzing the strength of supportive ties in adolescent social supports. In F. Nestmann, and K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Social networks and social support in childhood and adolescence, 257-267pp. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Daniel S, Goldston D, Erkanli A, Franklin J, and Mayfield A 2009. Trait anger, anger expression, and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults: a prospective study. J. of Clini. Child and Adole. Psycho., 38(5): 661-671.
Deffenbacher J, Lynch R, Oetting E and Kemper C 1996. Anger reduction in early adolescents. J. of Counse. Psycho., 43(2): 149-157.
Doğan T 2008. Social support and well-being as a predictor of psychological symptoms. Turkish Psycho. Counse. and Guid., 3(30): 30-44.
Ebata A and Moos R 1994. Personal, situational, and contextual correlates of coping in adolescent. J. of Resea. on Adoles., 4(1): 99–125
Ellison CG 1991. Religious involvement and subjective well- being. J.of Healh. and Soci. Behavi., 32: 80-99.
Ellison CW 1983. Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. J. of Psycho. and Theo., 114: 330-340.
Eskin M 2004. The effects of religious versus secular education on suicide ideation and suicidal attitudes in adolescents in Turkey. Soci. Psychia. and Psychiatr. Epidemio., 39(7): 536-542.
Feindler EL, Marriot SA and Iwata M 1984. Group anger control for junior high school delinquents. Cog. Thera. and Res., 8(3): 299-311.
Fiske ST and Linville PW 1980. What does the schema concept buy us? Persona. and Soc.l Psycho. Bulle., 6: 543—557.
Fiske ST and Taylor SE (Eds.) 1991. Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Friedberg JP, Suchday S and Shelov DV 2007. The impact of forgiveness on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery. Inter. J. of Psychophysio. 65(2): 87-94.
Garner P and Hinton T 2010. Emotional display rules and emotion self-regulation: Associations with bullying and victimization in community-based after school programs. J. of Commu. and Appli. Soci. Psycho., 20(6): 480-496.
Gottlieb BH and Bergen AE 2010. Social support concepts and measures. J. Psycho. Res., 69: 511–520.Gardner H 1985. The mind’s new science. New York: Basic Books.
Hartley D and Hunn V 2015. Utilization of photovoice to explore hope and spirituality among low-income African American adolescents. J. of Chil. & Adole. Soci. Wor., 32(1): 3-15.
Hefner J and Eisenberg D 2009. Social support and mental health among college students. Am. J. Orthopsychia.79: 491-499.
Hogg MA and Vaughan GM 2018. Social psychology (eighth ed.).Pearson Education.
House JS, Umberson D and Landis KR 1988. Structures and processes of social support. Annu. Rev. Socio., 14: 293-318.
Holt-Lundstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB 2010. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. Plo. S. Med., 7(7): 1-19.
Islam S and Chowdhury L 2007. Adaptation of Adolescents Anger Rating Scale. The Dhaka University J. of Psycho., 35: 21-30.
Islam MN 2021. Psychometric properties of the Bangla version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Psihologija, 54(4): 363–380.
Jacob S and Coustasse A 2008. School-based mental health: A defacto mental health system for children. Journal of Hospital Marketing and Public Relations, 18(2): 197–211.
Kassinove H (eds) 1995. Anger Disorders: Definition, diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia.
Kapıkıran Ş and Özgüngör S 2009. THE relationship between the social support and the achievement and motivation of adolescents. J. of Chil. and Adole. Men. Heal., 16(1): 21-30.
Lamb JM, Puskar KR, Sereika S, Patterson K and Kaufmann JA 2003. Anger assessment in rural high school students. The J. of Scho. Nurs., 19(1): 30-40.
Lambert NM, Stillman TF, Hicks JA, Kamble S, Baumeister RF, Fincham FD 2013. To belong is to matter: Sense of belonging enhances meaning in life. Persona. and Soci. Psycho. Bulle. 39: 1418–1427.
Lazarus RS and Folkman S 1984. Stress, appraisal and coping.New York: Springer-Verlog.
Liang J, Krause NM and Bennett JM 2001. Social exchange and well-being: is giving better than receiving? Psychol. Aging. 16: 511–523.
Lim C, Putnam RD 2010. Religion, Social Networks, and Life Satisfaction. Ame. Socio. Revi., 75: 914-933.
Li H, Ji Y, and Chen T 2014. The roles of different sources of social support on emotional well-being among Chinese elderly. PloS One 9(3): e90051.
Lundberg CD 2010. Unifying truths of the world’s religions. New Fairfield, CT: Heavenlight Press.
Musante L, Treiber FA 2000. The relationship between anger coping styles and lifestyle behaviours teenagers. J. of Adoles. Heal. 27(1): 63-68.
Musante L, Treiber FA, Kapuku G, Moore D, Davis H and Strong WB 2000. The effects of life events on cardiovascular reactivity to behavioral stressors as a function of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and sex. Psychoso. Medici., 62(6): 760-767.
Nahar L, Chowdhury TN, Vabna TS, Mahmud N, Ridoy AH and Ahmed T 2022. Adaptation of Religious Schema Scale. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Psychology. University of Chittagong.Navis SB 2012. Causes and Effects of Adolescent Anger. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Winona State University, United States.
Neisser U 1976. Cognitian and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. San Francisco: Freeman.Pengilly JW and Dowd ET 2000. Hardiness and social support as moderators of stress. J. of Clini. Psycho., 56(6): 813-820.
Puskar K, Bernardo L, Haley T and Hetager Stark K 2008. Anger correlated with Psycho-social variables in rural youth. Issues in Compre. Pedia. Nurs., 31: 71-87.
Resnick MD, Bearman PS, Blum RW, Bauman KE, Harris KM, Jones J 1997. Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. J. of the Ameri. Medi. Associa., 278: 823-831.
Rubio-Garay F, Carrasco MA and Amor PJ (2016). Aggression, anger and hostility: Evaluation of moral disengagement as a mediational process. Scandi. J. of Psycho. 57(2): 129-135. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12270.
Santini ZI, Koyanagi A, Tyrovolas S, Mason C and Haro JM 2015. The association between social relationships and depression: a systematic review. J. of Affec. Disor. 175: 53-65.
Sarason BR, Sarason IG and Pierce GR 1990. Traditional views of social support and their impact on assessment. In B. R. Sarason, & I. G. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: An interactional view, 9-25 pp. Oxford: Wiley.
Shipman KL and Zeman J 2001. Socialization of children’s emotion regulation in mother-child dyads: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Dev. and psychopatho. 13(2): 317-336.
Spilka B, Hood RW, Gorsuch RL 1985. The psychological nature and function of religion. The psychology of religion: An empirical approach, 1-43 pp.. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall.
Spiro ME 1987a. Collective representations and mental representations in religious symbol systems. In B. Kilborne &
- L. Langness (Eds.), Culture and human nature: Theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro, 161-184 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Spiro ME 1987b. Religion: Problems of definition and explanation. In B. Kilborne & L. L. Langness (Eds.), Culture and human nature: Theoretical papers of M‹lyord E. Spiro, 187-222 pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Spielberger CD, Krasner SS and Solomon EP 1988. The experience, expression, and control of anger. In Individual differences, stress, and health psychology, 89-108 pp. Springer, New York, NY.
Spielberger CD, Sydeman SJ, Owen AE and Marsh BJ 1999. Measuring anxiety and anger with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). In M. E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment, 993–1021 pp.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Streib H, Hood RW and Klein C 2010. The Religious Schema Scale: Construction and Initial Validation of a Quantitative Measure for Religious Styles. The Inter. J. for the Psycho. of Reli., 20: 151-172.
Spenrath, M. A., Clarke, M. E., & Kutcher, S. 2011.The science of brain and biological development:Implications for mental health research, practice,and policy. J of the Canadian Academy of Child & Adole. Psychia., 20(4):298–303.
Steinberg, L. 2005. Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Cognitive Sciences. 9(2): 69–74. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.005
Lailun Nahar,Md. Shahinoor Rahman,Afjal Hossain Hridoy
STUDY OF ANGER, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND RELIGIOUS SCHEMA OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
JLES-Vol-16-No-P-85-95, December 2021.
https://jlescience.com/les-publish/study-of-anger-social-support-and-religious-schema-of-high-school-students/Copyright © 2022
By Authors and Journal of Life and Earth Science (JLES)
https://jlescience.com
